Relationship Value in Business Markets

Abstract The realm of marketing is slowly shifting its focus from the former product centric paradigm to a base that is taking care of the value needs of the customers. The major aim of the relationship marketing is maintaining the relationship between the business and the company to its immediate micro environment.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Relationship Value in Business Markets specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These include the suppliers, intermediaries in the market, the public and the most important factor, the customers. When this is maintained, there should be prior creation of customer loyalty. Value is a very important concept in relationship marketing. The ability of a given company to provide the best value to its customers is a critical and very successful strategy in business competition. The concept of value has led many companies to try and find out ways in which they can get the ri ght competitive advantage for their customers. When value is added to a certain product, the quality of the product s consequently improved and customer is achieved and therefore loyalty gained. With customer satisfaction, there is subsequent customer loyalty which is achieved. This paper seeks to review â€Å"Relationship Value in Business Markets: Development of a Measurement Scale† by Eggert and Ulaga and seek to establish the authenticity of their research. Introduction The paper â€Å"Relationship Value in Business Markets: Development of a Measurement Scale†, checks on the underlying foundations of relationship value in marketing and also outlines some of the main dimensions of the relationship values. The author of the article has gone ahead to explain some of the factors that lead to the conceptualization of relationship value by different people. To get the real way in which his conceptualization happens, the author has included a survey. The data in the surve y is collected from various purchasing managers from a variety of organizations and develops a scaling process and ways in which to undertake future research in the field.Advertising Looking for critical writing on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Strategic marketing Marketing strategy is more about customer satisfaction in a way that the objectives of the organization get to be achieved. If companies were to focus more on the needs of their customers, there is a greater likelihood that the organizations will get what they require to achieve in the market place (Bollen, 1989). According to the title of the article, â€Å"Relationship Value in Business Markets: Development of a Measurement Scale†, there is focus on the concept of customer satisfaction in various ways. The paper is about the conceptualization of the concept of relationship value. This conceptualization is then tested using data collect ed for a survey in order to develop a scale process and also a purification process for the conceptualized idea. Development of the relationship value is thus a form or part of the more diverse marketing strategy which aims at improving the condition of the customer with a farfetched objective of achieving the goals that have been set by the company. Marketing strategy entails focus by the organization on a certain action that will lead to increased profitability through more sales and extra dominance in the market niche which is being targeted by that organization. It combines all the goals of a certain organization and decides on how the goals will be achieved of a certain time period. Relationship value is a strategy that aims at strengthening the ties between a certain organization and its customers through improving the value of the products and relations to the customer to the satisfaction of that customer. Organizational effectiveness concept entails the effectiveness of a pa rticular organization in achieving its objectives. In order to increase the effectiveness of an organization, companies need to create competitive advantages that are sustainable with a proper alignment of the right business and marketing strategies. In the article, the author aligns himself to the concept of organizational effectiveness and the realm of strategic marketing by taking into consideration one of the key underlying factors which has become a bone of contention in today’s world of marketing, the relationship value. This is a proper choice of subject considering that it is one of the key factors that decide whether customer satisfaction has been achieved and also whether the organization will be able to earn customer loyalty from the mentioned and hopefully satisfied customers. Literature review analysis In this article the author has received the concept of value from the different perspectives that it can assume. Value, in the view of marketing exchange, enhances the urge to go on with a certain type of exchange in the market. Value is therefore twofold and it affects both the customer and the seller. The seller is interested in the value of the customer to his business and also the value that he gives to the customer so as to be able to maintain that customer.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Relationship Value in Business Markets specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The author has gone ahead to discuss some of the characteristics that recur in the concept of value; the value of the customer is a concept that is subjective, in a conceptual manner, value is a tradeoff between the benefits that can be realized and the sacrifices that are made, both the sacrifices and the benefits have more than one phases, and that the conceptions of value and competition are relative. According to the article, the author has criticized the current day trend in taking much concern on issues mostly related to products as opposed to issues related to the value of the customer. It is in this place that he claims that development should consider the value of the customer from the relationship marketing viewpoint. This is the main point behind relationship value. The author has defined the concept of relationship value in accordance with different authors’ perspectives. According to Anderson et al, (1993, 75), value is â€Å"â€Å"the apparent worth in financial units of that set of economic, technological, service, and also the social benefits established by a client firm in swap over for the price remunerated for a produce offering, taking into contemplation the accessible substitute suppliers’, their offerings and their likely prices†. According to Wilson and Jantaria (1995, 61), there is a cross examination of value creation in supplier and buyer relationships. In their research, there is an economic, behavioral and strategic categorizati on of value which offers the 3-D approach. They have agreed that it is hard to empirically assess the value concept though there is a joint conclusion that the concept of relationship value is problematic and cannot be simply ignored. According to Hogan (2001, 342), expected relationship value, is the net worth of the perceivable benefits which can be derived during the existence period of a relationship. In all the above mentioned descriptions of the term relationship value from the different authors, it can be established that there has been so little empirical research ion the concept of relationship value. Gwinner et al (1998, 110), managed to come up with three categories which exemplified the customers’ perspectives of the relational benefits. These are special treatment, social benefits and confidence. In this article, has summarized the various dimensions found in the realm of relationship value. He has grouped them into benefits dimensions and sacrifices dimensions. This has been as a result of the data collection done in the research. There is also a slight inclusion of marketing variables. In the discussions on the various dimensions, the author of the article has included a summary of previous research which had been done on some dimensions and conceptualizations of the relationship value. In his review the author has addressed the seven dimensions which he got from his analysis in the literature review. Following the flow of the paper up to this area, it follows that the author was very keen in his literature review and that his discussions were completely dissected to deliver the purpose of the research. The literature can therefore be said to be properly up to date and the requirements of a good review have been met.Advertising Looking for critical writing on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Data collection methods The author used a primary method of data collection where he sourced his data from a survey by distributing a number of questionnaires to a group of purchasing managers. After dissemination and collection of the questionnaires, he was able to have a total of 207 questionnaires which he would get usable data from. His questionnaires were based on a wide range of industries like food, metal products, chemicals, machinery and equipment, plastic products, office equipment and so on. Amongst the respondent firms, there was a diverse employment capacity with where some industries had over five hundred employees, some had between fifty and five hundred and a small group employed less than fifty people. The loyalty of the customers was based on the number of years that they had been in a certain company. Some lasted for more than fifteen years and the rest ranged from 10-15, 5-10 and less than 2 years as buyers in a single company. There also was a range of the produ cts and services that were offered by the companies. They ranged from raw materials, services, sub-contracting, manufacturing materials and MRO. In structuring his questionnaire, the author divided into three parts which sought to compare the relationships between the buyers and the suppliers. Some other part of the questionnaire sought to get the relationship value dimensions that were in line with the dimensions discussed in the literature review. In the comparison the author used a rating scale foe ease of data analysis. The last part of the questionnaire required a personal description of the buyers, the suppliers and their relationships. This was highly based on the knowledge of the dimensions under investigation (Dwyer, 1999). Results analysis The author employed the use of various mathematical models to construct the measurement scales and accordingly tabulated the results as they happened. Most of the models included mathematical calculations which gave results to be used in the discussion thereafter (Bollen, 1989). Discussion of results In discussing the results of his research, the author alienated himself from the traditional way where value perception is described in an abstract formulation. Such abstract formulations are statements like, â€Å"the supplier relationship in this firm has a high value†. This is a perception that has less validity and little reliability. In this article, the author has described the relation value as a construct that is high order, multi dimensional and a formative one. According to the literature review put forward by the author, he was able to identify two categories of dimensions; five benefits and two sacrifice dimensions. The benefits dimensions include, product related, service related, suppliers’ knowledge related, social related and those that are related to the ability of the supplier to improve the time required to market. Sacrifice dimensions are costs of process and pride. The variety of the industries that were used in the survey revealed the various dimensions that different stakeholders choose to adhere to in their dimension choice and value of the relationship. Limitations The author of the article has outlined all the limitations of his research in a clear and concise manner. This is a good way of indicating the authenticity of his research considering that not all pieces of research are perfect. He has also gone ahead to indicate the directions that should be taken for further research in this field. Strengths and weaknesses of the article This article can be dissected into various parts which can help us to get the strong points and the weak points of the paper. The arrangement of the paper has adhered to the proper research format. The abstract of the paper has explained the reason behind the research. It has introduced the flow of the paper and the contents of the preceding chapters in the article. In the introduction, the author has a good hint on the backgrou nd of the problem. There is a clear explanation of the past research and the methods that were used to explain the reasoning behind relationship value in the past. From this knowledge, the author has introduced his concept of empirical analysis. The literature review is also concise and previous literature on the relationship value has been put into consideration. The paper has also followed an organized academic writing style. The author employed the use of the Harvard style of citation and referencing. This is evident from the in text citations that are in the body of the paper. The use of the authors’ name, year of publication and the page number where applicable is a clear indicator of the Harvard referencing system. The reference list at the end of the document is also correctly placed to adhere to the system. In the course of the paper, the author has followed the problem statement and definition. At the beginning of the paper, the author started with an abstract that s ought to define the conceptualization of the relationship value in the world of marketing. In this realm, the author sated to include about 200 purchasing managers in his research survey. This is followed by a concise introduction to the topic immediately after. As planned, it is evident from the paper that the research was done and the data which was gotten from the research was tabulated as required so as to give the reader a clear picture of the relationships. The analysis of the data after the research has been done using mathematical models which have helped the researcher to come up with the measurement scales as stated in the problem statement. This is therefore a clear indication of the fact that the author was cautious in following the statement of the problem as defined and to the letter. There is a proper analysis and conclusion to the article in that they have adhered to the problem statement. The author has analyzed the data collected data clearly. According to the titl e of the paper and the statement of the problem as in the beginning parts of the article, there was supposed to be focus on developing a measurement scale that can be used to quantify the relationship value in marketing. This has been discussed throughout the paper and a survey done to conceptualize the concept. The conclusion of the paper has indicated clearly how the thesis of the paper was reached at and has also been supported by a proper reference to the survey and the results of the survey. Contribution to the wider area of knowledge in strategic marketing This point can be approached in a variety of ways. Most importantly is for a person to have the adequate knowledge required to analyze strategic marketing in relation to relationship value. According to common definitions, strategic marketing is mainly concerned with how a company gets some competitive advantage over its competitors. In this realm the company takes into consideration factors that will lead to customer satisf action as well as the final gain of attaining the objectives of the company. The article under review only concentrated on one area of customer satisfaction which is the relationship value. Relationship value is a part of the greater strategic marketing which has some other core cornerstones. In the realm of strategic marketing, there has to be consideration of the market drivers which include among others the PEST factors; â€Å"political, economic, social and technological factors†. At the core of the marketing strategy, there are other factors involved like impact of the market drivers, status of the strategic windows, competition, and the stage of the company in the lifecycle, and the skills and assets possessed by the market. Looking at these diverse factors and issues related to strategic marketing, the article only contributed to an area of strategic marketing. Nature of the article The article has been presented in a format that can be understood by a standard graduat e level reader. The language command of the author is excellent and does not appear to have common and irresponsibly placed grammatical errors. In presenting his results the author has properly tabulated all the relevant information such that it simplifies understandability to the reader. The author has also included diagrams in his work. These are essential components of a research paper as graphical figures are simpler to understand. The arrangement of the paper is also clear. This has been enhanced by placement of appendices at the end of the document. The appendices have been correctly referenced in the document body making the reader not to encounter any confusion. Conclusion This article can be categorized as a good research work which can benefit both the academic personnel and practitioners in general. At the academic level, students can use the article as a sample to writing good research papers and the practitioners can apply it in their field of business to reinforce thei r relationship with their customers. References Anderson, et al. (1995) â€Å"Capturing the Value of Supplementary Services†. Harvard Business Review. January-February: 75-83. Bollen, K. (1989) Structural Equations with Latent Variables. John Wiley Sons, New York. Dwyer, F. (1999). Business Marketing: Connecting Strategy, Relationships, and Learning, Irwin/Mc Graw Hill, Boston, MA. Gwinner, K. et al. (1998) â€Å"Relationship Benefits in Service Industries: the Customer’s Perspective†. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science 26(2): 101-114. Hogan, E. (2001) â€Å"Expected Relationship Value: A Construct, a Methodology for Measurement, and a Modeling Technique†, Industrial Marketing Management, 30 (4), 339-351. Wilson, T. and Jantrania, S. (1995) â€Å"Understanding the Value of a Relationship.† Asia-Australia Marketing Journal: 2 (1): 55-66. This critical writing on Relationship Value in Business Markets was written and submitted by user Kali Kirk to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

interwar democracy info essays

interwar democracy info essays 1. World War I had ravaged France. 900 000 buildings, 200 coal mines, and 34 iron mines had been damaged or destroyed, 85 percent of the arable land had been devastated, and 94 percent of the cattle had disappeared. The franc had lost about 72 percent of its purchasing power. Frances population decreases from about 39 to 37 million from 1911 to 1921, with a loss of 11 percent in the number of males between the ages of 15 and 50. 2. France attempted to rebuild its economy by forcing reparation payments from Germany and by allowing the Nation Union to govern the country from 1926-29. This strengthened the franc, improved the tax system and raised the general economic position of the nation. 3. Instability caused by the profusion of political parties permitted under the highly democratic form of government plagued France throughout the 1920s and 1930s. Conflicting groups fragmented the French legislature. France had 27 short-lived cabinets between 1918 and January 1933, while England had a mere 7. 4. From 1919-1924, the Bloc National governed France under Premier Raymond Poincar. 5. In 1923, the French premier sent French troops into the Ruhr in an effort to force payments from Germany. 6. France was governed under the Left Block, a coalition of Socialists and other left-wing parties, from 1924-1926, under Premier Poincar. It was not able to solve Frances economic problems. 7. France was governed under the National Union, a coalition of right-center parties, from 1926-1929, under Premier Poincar. This government was able to solve the nations economic problems. 8. From 1931-1935, Frances governments rose and fell with surprising regularity. Right-wing groups sought to gain control of the government during this time of economic collapse. 9. The Popular Front-a coalition of Radical Socialists, Socialists, Communists, and others-was led b ...

The Great Depression and American isolationism affect on FDR's desire Essay

The Great Depression and American isolationism affect on FDR's desire to take an active role in international affairs in the manner of TR and Wilson - Essay Example According to Michael Leigh, FDR never made any attempt to persuade US public regarding ending of isolation. He also says that FDR had enormous preoccupation with the public opinion. (http://www.foreignaffairs.org/19950501fareviewessay5045/paul-johnson/the-myth-of-american-isolationism-reinterpreting-the-past.html ). This view contradicts the famous fireside chats of FDR to some extent, because he was a humanitarian and the Nazi killings must have worried him. At the same time, he moulded the public opinion towards participation in the war. Initially, that is before the Pearl Harbour, Roosevelt did value the American public opinion which was combined with the caution of Great Depression and American belief in isolationism. "Domestic political problems in the summer of 1937 had made Roosevelt particularly reluctant to risk anything in foreign affairs. The Court fight and the failure to break a series of sit down strikes have seriously ended his middle class support," Datlek (1979, p.14 7). Isolationists thought that alliances could be unsettling, and destabilizing. In President Hoover's opinion they were 'provocative actions' that have 'hitherto always cracked up in war itself'. The horrors of the First World War, Versailles treaty, fear of getting drawn into another war, Great Depression, scare of losing uninhibited decision making were a few causes of isolationism. Isolation had many more reasons and excuses: "Belief that the depression had been caused by W.W.I Belief that Europe was unworthy of our support Pacifism-people who hated and abhorred war Belief that arms manufacturers, bankers had caused war Belief that W.W.I had been a tragic mistake for the U.S " http://www.sagehistory.net/roosevelts/wwii/1920WWII1940.htm FDR initially was more engrossed with the domestic problems and his refusal to peg the value of the US dollar wrecked the International Economic Conference of 1933, to be held in London, which was partially encouraged by Hoover. FDR, instead, maintained Good Neighbour Policy and Pan Americanism and in Buenos Aires Conference, he demonstrated that America was uninterested in domineering weaker nations and he continued economic nationalism and cooperation both. Still, there existed a certain stalemate between an internationalist president and an isolationist congress. He recognised USSR, increased foreign trade hoping to alleviate depression, and his Neutrality Act of 1937 famously hurt Spain and made US a 'silent accomplice of Hitler'. His Quarantine speech in Chicago was intentional; but Americans were too wrapped up in isolationism and events like Panay, plight of China, and even the armament need of Britain and France did not move the Congress, despite President's efforts, though h e eventually succeeded in persuading Congress to send armaments to Britain, which is called America's 'first line of defence'. did not end till the onset of Second World War and the fear of it had slowed down America. FDR had to face this inertia, even though he wanted

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 139

Assignment Example In St. John, people hung out their clothes to dry as compared to Calgary where people use washers and dryers in their households (DeWolf , 2007). The use of clear examples and illustrations in the essay into drawing a conclusion about the topic makes it qualify as an inductive essay. According to the essay, the Christopher uses examples in different cities such as Calgary, St. John, Montreal, and St. Michael to demonstrate the significance of clotheslines. Apart from the aesthetic picture brought about by clothes hanging on the lines, there are a vast range of benefits associated with hanging clothes in the lines (DeWolf , 2007). According to La Presse, the sun is eradicates odours and removes stains from clothes in en effective manner as compared to dryers. There is a wide range of advantages of having clothesline apart from being fashionable, and aesthetic outstanding. The presence of clothesline in various regions brings out traditional aspect of hanging clothes in the open. According to research studies, the sun plays an imperative role in the elimination of odours and stains as compared to the use of dryer. Drying of clothes in the sun is sometimes associated with poverty and class. On this perspective, some governments have implemented legislations that ban individuals from hanging clothes in lines. On the contrary, Ontario environment minister has brought up the idea to eliminate clothesline ban in the region. Clotheslines have myriad benefits to people and the environment in general. According to Christopher, clotheslines have a beautiful and romantic outlook to the surrounding. During the author’s visit at different cities, he observed various aesthetic outlook of clothesline. Clotheslines have traditional and more fashionable way of drying clothes in the open sun. On the other hand, the sun has a crucial role in the elimination of bad smell and stains on clothes. There have been myriad legislations

HIS 135 Entire Course Essay Example for Free

HIS 135 Entire Course Essay In this archive file of HIS 135 Entire Course you will find the next documents:HIS-135-Assignment-Cold-War-Ideology-and-Policies. docHIS-135-Assignment-The-Vietnam-War. docHIS-135-Capstone-CheckPoint-End-of-the-Cold-War. docHIS-135-CheckPoint-Comparing-KennedyG History General History ASHFORD HIS 204 American History Since 1865 If dragging yourself out of bed at 6:00 am is impossible, dont torture yourself with 7:00 am classes. Most schools offer classes in a wide range of time slots. Take advantage of the classes later in the day and in the evening if you arent a morning person. You will be more likely to go and will get more out of the course. In this archive file of HIS 135 Entire Course you will find the next documents:HIS-135-Assignment-Cold-War-Ideology-and-Policies. docHIS-135-Assignment-The-Vietnam-War. docHIS-135-Capstone-CheckPoint-End-of-the-Cold-War. docHIS-135-CheckPoint-Comparing-KennedyG History General History ASHFORD HIS 204 American History Since 1865 If dragging yourself out of bed at 6:00 am is impossible, dont torture yourself with 7:00 am classes. Most schools offer classes in a wide range of time slots. Take advantage of the classes later in the day and in the evening if you arent a morning person. You will be more likely to go and will get more out of the course. In this archive file of HIS 135 Entire Course you will find the next documents:HIS-135-Assignment-Cold-War-Ideology-and-Policies. docHIS-135-Assignment-The-Vietnam-War. docHIS-135-Capstone-CheckPoint-End-of-the-Cold-War. docHIS-135-CheckPoint-Comparing-KennedyG History General History ASHFORD HIS 204 American History Since 1865 If dragging yourself out of bed at 6:00 am is impossible, dont torture yourself with 7:00 am classes. Most schools offer classes in a wide range of time slots. Take advantage of the classes later in the day a Follow the link Now for full guide https://bitly. com/1wySlYb If dragging yourself out of bed at 6:00 am is impossible, dont torture yourself with 7:00 am classes. Most schools offer classes in a wide range of time slots. Take advantage of the classes later in the day and in the evening if you arent a morning person. You will be more likely to go and will get more out of the course. History General History ASHFORD HIS 204 American History Since 1865.

Julia Child: Master Chef and TV Star Essay -- Biographies Cooking Pape

Julia Child: Master Chef and TV Star O Julia, Julia, Cook and nifty wench, Whose unsurpassed quenelles and hot soufflà ©s, Whose English, Norse and German, and whose French, Are all beyond my piteous powers to praise- Whose sweetly-rounded bottom and whose legs, Whose gracious face, whose nature temperate, Are only equaled by her scrambled eggs: Accept from me, your ever-loving mate, This acclamation shaped in fourteen lines Whose inner truth belies its outer sight; For never were there foods, nor were there wines, Whose flavor equals yours for sheer delight. O luscious dish! O gustatory pleasure! You satisfy my taste-buds beyond measure. - Paul Child Julia Child is a creative genius who changed the culinary world with her energetic personality and fine cooking skills. She is a fine example of the gusto-olfactory intelligence with special accents of visual spatial and interpersonal intelligence’s. There were many chefs that could fall in this intelligence category, including Escoffier, Beard, and Farmer . I chose Julia because she is a woman who broke new ground in the world of cooking. She empowered America by encouraging them to cook and enjoy food. The gusto olfactory intelligence is really a matter of taste and smell. A gusto olfactory intelligent person is able to create a specific taste, to create their own additions to recipes, and to bring something new to the sense called taste. Childhood and Heritage Julia Carolyn McWilliams was born in Pasadena, California, on August 15, 1921 to her proud parents John and Caro McWilliams. Caro, as she was called, was an energetic woman who wanted to see the world before settling down. When she finally married John McWilliams she maintained her independent free s... ...and mind. As Gardner expected it took a great deal of time and steady work at her discipline to master it. Julia Child cast off in new directions never explored before. She fought the battle of being a woman in a male dominated field and world, along her way. She found the tools and status quo of her field unsatisfactory and began work on a new way of thinking about food. Julia, however, did not follow Gardner’s concept of Faustian bargain, but rather had good interpersonal relationships. Julia’s creative genius allowed her to succeed in a critical world. Bibliography Child, Julia. The Way To Cook. Knopf Inc. Canada, 1989. Cooper, Ann. A woman’s Place is in the Kitchen. Reinhold, 1998. Fitch, Noel Riley. Appetite For Life. Doubleday, NY. 1997. Internet sources: www.sallys-place.com www.foodwine.com www.iacp-online.org www.unknown.nu/Julia/

City of God Essay

In The Prince, Niccolo Machiavelli cements his reputation as an Italian political theorist who, wicked as he may seem, believed that morality and ethics did not mix well with politics and the mechanisms of power. From this book rose the ever famous line, â€Å"The end justifies the means†, and true enough The Prince had embodied a way of thinking so revolutionary and controversial that for hundreds of years, it had remained the ultimate handbook for political control. This is illustrated very well in Chapter 17, where Machiavelli discusses cruelty and its importance to maintaining power. â€Å"Here the question arises: is it better to be loved than feared, or vice versa? I don’t doubt that every prince would like to be both; but since it is hard to accommodate these qualities, if you have to make a choice, to be feared is much safer than to be loved. † This quote easily became emblazoned in the reader’s minds partly because of its cruel approach, which however brutal it may seem, borders on reality and actual truth. In order to get hold of your subjects more, to keep them united and to keep them from revolting against you, Machiavelli relates that it is imperative to be punitive and exacting; to have them live in dread than to easily lose power by being mild and amiable. Fear then is necessary to be able to rule your subjects and keep them under your control. Machiavelli points out that the loyalty gained from fear is much more difficult to lose and therefore any ruler must strive to be feared. Such is the way of Machiavelli’s thinking and this quote becomes testament to his genius. His ideas, though wicked and malevolent, are worth to be considered by any one who desires to gain and control power for they stand out remarkably honest and brutally clever. Saint Augustine, being governed by his beliefs and principles, wrote in a way that he incorporates his vocation to convey and relate to the people what it is that God intends for society. In The City of God, Augustine’s work primarily takes this approach to express his ideas on the workings of an earthly city and how it is needed to be likened to the â€Å"city of God†. This work was primarily written to assuage the doubts and answer the criticisms of the people about the defeat of Rome, which was thought to be protected by God, and therefore, unlikely to fall. Moreover, Augustine heavily inclines his work towards the good and the belief of an omnipotent God and his offering of eternal happiness. In particular, Augustine stresses the importance of peace as an end goal, â€Å"Peace is such a great good that even with respect to earthly and mortal things, nothing is heard with greater pleasure nothing desired more longingly, and in the end, nothing better can be found† Augustine uses theology and the Christian doctrine to relate to the needs of his time and answer the questions that the circumstances had merited. He reiterates that attaining peace is the people’s ultimate purpose, be it heavenly peace or that maintained on earth. He addresses the difficulties that societies face and acknowledges that fact that it is necessary to create and maintain order and bring chaos to its end. Essentially, The City of God, as the quote has clearly embodied, becomes a sort of pacification to the troubles of the people, something Augustine does cleverly well. The City of God remains influential to those it had convinced to believe. Aristotle is arguably one of the famous philosophers who ever lived. As an early proponent of philosophy and critical thinking, his works had been based upon and studied countless times. His theories of state and political association are deemed basic and essential even as others have grown to reject and disprove them through time. One point he made when discussing about politics is the necessity for a man to not be isolated and completely independent of others. He relates, â€Å"The man who is isolated, who is unable to share in the benefits of political association, or has no need to share because he is already self-sufficient, is no part of the city, and must therefore be either a beast or god† In the creation of a polis or city-state, it is inevitable that men grow to need each other. Each individual member of a city is dependent on the other as well as on the entire association taken as a whole. Aristotle argues that a man cut off from society, being not part of it, is like a God with such great power, or an unworthy beast which has really no care at all. With this comes to mind the popular saying that, â€Å"No man is an island. † This stays true up to now and is one of the foundations of the principles of society. In building a state, the fundamental theory is important and highlighted — that of its citizens being one with the state, growing and developing with it and them associating with each and every member of the state. From this, the concept of organization is emphasized and the primary building blocks of a state is laid out and achieved.